Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving the restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. It can be divided into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery.
Reconstructive Surgery
Reconstructive surgery is defined as a surgical specialty dedicated to reconstruction of facial and body defects due to birth disorders, trauma, burns, and disease. Reconstructive surgery is intended to correct dysfunctional areas of the body and is, by definition, reconstructive in nature.
Types of Reconstructive Surgery Procedures:
Cosmetic Surgery
Cosmetic surgery focuses on enhancing the appearance. The procedures, techniques, and principles of cosmetic surgery are entirely focused on enhancing a patient’s appearance. Improving aesthetic appeal, symmetry, and proportion are the key goals. An aesthetic surgery can be performed on all areas of the head, neck, and body.
Types of Cosmetic Surgery Procedures:
Rhinoplasty, sometimes referred to as a “nose job” by patients, is surgery that changes the shape of the nose. The motivation for rhinoplasty may be to change the appearance of the nose, improve breathing or both. It can be done for medical reasons -- such as to correct breathing problems related to the nose or correct disfigurement resulting from trauma or birth defects. It can also be done for cosmetic reasons, which will change the nose's shape and appearance.
Liquid rhinoplasty, or nonsurgical rhinoplasty, is a series of office-based procedures done while the patient is awake. Injectable hyaluronic acid fillers are used to alter the shape and size of the nose without invasive surgery.
Does Rhinoplasty Hurt?
With rhinoplasty, the most unpleasant part tends to be during the initial aftermath. Following surgery, most patients experience mild to moderate discomfort that can be controlled with medication. Patients are bruised and swollen and their noses are packed with gauze, but it looks much worse than it feels. Once the initial post-op edema subsides (relatively quickly), some swelling may persist for few months.
After removing the splint, which is usually a week after the surgery, patients should avoid wearing glasses or sunglasses, particularly plastic-framed glasses (which would rest all the way over the top of the nose), for 6 weeks following the surgery. Since the nose is still soft, the weight of glasses would press the healing nasal bones.
How to make bruises go away after rhinoplasty?
Bruising and black eyes are a normal part of the nose job. Knowing what to expect is a crucial part of maintaining a positive outlook through recovery. If you’re hoping that you’ll come out of surgery looking your best, you’ll be disappointed. With that being said, there are things you can do at home to make the bruising go away faster.
Rhinoplasty Healing Stages
1 week after the surgery: The splint can be removed from your nose and you can go out in public without showing noticeable signs of surgery unless there is bruising around the eyes.
2 weeks after the surgery: The majority of the facial swelling will have subsided and most of the bruising will have resolved.
3 weeks after the surgery: You can safely return to cardiovascular activities such as jogging, swimming and cycling.
6 weeks after the surgery: The bones are stable, you can resume resistance workouts (weight lifting), wearing glasses and blowing your nose.
3-6 months after the surgery: The numbness and abnormal sensations in your nose and nasal skin should be resolved.
1 year after the surgery: The healing process is complete – swelling should have subsided entirely and the nose’s new shape is fully refined.
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Breast augmentation, also known as augmentation mammaplasty, sometimes referred to as a "boob job" by patients, involves using breast implants or fat transfer to enhance your breasts.
Why it's done
Breast augmentation might help you:
Breast augmentation options
There are several types of implants available for breast enhancement surgery.
Saline breast implants are filled with sterile salt water. Should the implant shell leak, a saline implant will collapse and the saline will be absorbed and naturally expelled by the body.
Whether you choose saline or silicone implants, it is important for you to monitor your breast implants and follow-up with your plastic surgeon for appropriate checkups.
Dual-plane breast augmentation
Dual plane augmentation is the type of breast enlargement technique in which the implant is placed under the pectoral muscle at the upper, and sometimes mid, part of the breast, but the lower part of the implant is not covered by the muscle. The varying different degrees of muscle coverage over the implant depends on the patient’s current breast shape and desired result, and that’s why it’s important to choose a surgeon that is experienced in this technique, as the ratio of muscle-covered implant to uncovered implant makes subtle adjustments that impact your result.
Dual plane augmentation technique was developed for women with low grade breast droop, or ptosis - as well as those desiring a more natural, lower fullness in their final result. In a classic breast augmentation, the pectoral muscle would restrict the adequate expansion of the overlying sagging breast tissue. This is seen most commonly in women who have lost weight, breastfed or found that ageing lead to excess lower breast (called ‘lower pole’) skin.
Patients who have constricted breast deformity, or tuberous breasts - where the distance from the lower edge of the areola to the lower breast crease is smaller (and often, the nipple is pointing downwards) - can also benefit from this technique. They find that as the lower pole of the breast expands to accommodate the breast implant itself, the implant sits in a more natural position relative to the overlying breast tissue. This can benefit women with tuberous breast deformity as well.
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Generally, the operation involves:
It can take 2 to 6 weeks to fully recover from breast reduction surgery. Avoid stretching, strenuous exercise and heavy lifting for up to 6 weeks after the operation. Some surgeons suggest wearing a sports bra 24 hours a day for up to 3 months after breast surgery
Who needs breast reduction surgery?
Breast reduction surgery is meant for women who have large breasts and want to resolve issues such as:
Men can also benefit from breast reduction. A male breast reduction surgery is the most effective known treatment for gynecomastia, or enlarged male breasts.
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Liposuction, also called as lipoplasty and body contouring, is a surgical procedure that uses a suction technique to remove fat from specific areas of the body, such as the abdomen, hips, thighs, buttocks, arms or neck. Liposuction also shapes (contours) these areas.
Types of liposuction
There are a few different liposuction techniques. But what they all have in common is the use of a thin tube, called a cannula, connected to a vacuum to suction the fat from your body.
How long does it take to recover from liposuction?
It usually takes about two weeks to fully recover from liposuction, but if a small area was treated you should be able to return to work within a few days. If a large area was treated you may need up to 10 days off work to recover.
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